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White Papers

451 Group Impact Report on Azul Systems »   In this report by the 451 Group, John Abbott discusses Azul Systems' shift from Java acceleration applicances to a software-based Java runtime. Not technical.

Supercharging the Java Runtime »   Written for application and line of business owners, this paper reviews the current limitations of enterprise Java applications, challenges of modern deployment topologies such as virtualization and Clouds and the advantages of a highly innovative and elastic JVM that can provide guaranteed predictability, even under load. Azul Systems has adapted award-winning technology from its line of Java accelerator appliances to create the Zing™ JVM, a unique, software-based solution. Zing is a 100% Java-compatible JVM designed for enterprise applications and workloads that require large memory, high transaction rates, consistent response times and high sustained throughput. Technical.

Understanding Java Garbage Collection » Written for IT professionals, architects and developers, this white paper reviews and classifies the various garbage collectors and collection techniques available in JVMs today. It provides an overview of common garbage collection techniques, algorithms and defines terms and metrics common to all collectors including generational, parallel, stop-the-world, incremental, concurrent, and mostly-concurrent. It further classifies each major JVM collector's mechanisms & characteristics and discusses the tradeoffs involved in balancing requirements for responsiveness, throughput, space, and available memory across varying scale levels. The paper concludes with some pitfalls, common misconceptions, and "myths" around garbage collection behavior, as well as examples of how certain choices can result in impressive application behavior. More Technical.

Azul Pauseless Garbage Collection » Written for IT and developers, this white paper provides technical detail on the operation of Zing's garbage collector to explain how it achieves pauseless operation. Based on the Azul C4 (Continuously Concurrent Compacting Collector) garbage collection algorithm the Zing collector improves application performance and removes barriers to Java scalability by eliminating pause times even at very large heap sizes. Using a combination of software techniques and hardware emulation features, the Azul garbage collector uses ‘concurrent compaction’ to allow applications to continue processing while remapping memory. More Technical.

C4: Continuously Concurrent Compacting Collector » Written for architects and Java experts, this paper, originally presented to the International Symposium on Memory Management (ISMM), describes how C4 differentiates itself from other generational garbage collectors by supporting simultaneous - generational concurrency: the different generations are collected using concurrent (non stop-the-world) mechanisms that can be simultaneously and independently active. The C4 Continuously Concurrent Compacting Collector, is an updated generational form of the Azul Pauseless GC Algorithm. This paper was originally published in the proceedings of the ISMM 2011, copyright ACM, 2011. Available here under license. Expert.